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Aims We examined whether smokers' use of dietary supplements (e.g. vitamin C, multi‐vitamins) induces illusory invulnerability that in turn disinhibits smoking. Such supplement use may be perceived as conferring health credentials.
Design A single‐factor (credentials: with or without) between‐subjects design was employed. Smokers were assigned randomly to take either a known placebo pill or a dietary...
Aims To examine the (i) prevalence, (ii) predictors and (iii) cessation outcomes of smokers who engage in undisclosed quit attempts.
Design Online survey (n = 524), with balanced recruitment of current smokers (55%) and past‐year quitters (45%). Participants were daily smokers (current or previous) who had at least one quit attempt in the past year.
Measurements Respondents were grouped on whether...
Aims This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the Örebro prevention programme (ÖPP), an alcohol misuse prevention programme that aims to reduce youth drinking by changing parental behaviour.
Design Cluster‐randomized trial, with schools assigned randomly to the ÖPP or no intervention.
Setting Forty municipal schools in 13 counties in Sweden.
Participants A total of 1752 students in the...
Aims To re‐examine various aspects of the benzodiazepines (BZDs), widely prescribed for 50 years, mainly to treat anxiety and insomnia. It is a descriptive review based on the Okey Lecture delivered at the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, in November 2010.
Methods A search of the literature was carried out in the Medline, Embase and Cochrane Collaboration databases, using the codeword...
Aims Hepatitis C (HCV) infection is highly prevalent among injection drug users (IDUs) and likely to cause significant mortality over time, but little research attention has focused upon the magnitude of this risk, particularly among ageing users. This study examined trends over time in mortality attributed to liver disease, and in particular contrasting this with other more commonly studied causes...
Aim Very little is known about the relationship between obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and substance use disorder (SUD). The aim of this study is to compare the co‐occurrence of OCD with SUD to the co‐occurrence of SUD with other psychiatric disorders in a representative community sample.
Design In order to examine the association of SUD and OCD, logistic regression analyses were used generating...
Aims To examine whether decreases in impulsivity account for links between Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) attendance and better drinking and psychosocial outcomes, and whether these mediational ‘effects’ are conditional on age.
Design A naturalistic study in which individuals were assessed at baseline, and 1, 8 and 16 years later.
Setting Participants initiated help‐seeking through the alcohol intervention...
Aims The purpose of this paper is to introduce the social science alcohol and drug research undertaken by the Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research (CRF) and at the same time offer an insight into the development in Danish alcohol and drug research throughout the past 15–20 years.
Method A review of articles, books and reports published by researcher from CRF from the mid‐1990s until today and an...
Aims Given the rising rates of the non‐medical use of prescription medications (NUPM) and strong cross‐sectional associations between psychopathology and NUPM, we examined whether a history of NUPM increased the risk for onset and recurrence of psychopathology.
Design Longitudinal data are from waves 1 and 2 of the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcoholism and Related Conditions (NESARC).
Setting ...
Aims To inform policy makers on available options for improving the effectiveness of treatments for substance use disorders and to stimulate debate about treatment improvement strategies among public officials, clinical providers, care managers, service users, families and researchers.
Methods We draw on the scientific literature and our public policy experiences in two countries (the United Kingdom...
Aims In Brazil, a new law introduced in 2008 has lowered the blood alcohol concentration limit for drivers from 0.06 to 0.02, but the effectiveness in reducing traffic accidents remains uncertain. This study evaluated the effects of this enactment on road traffic injuries and fatalities.
Design Time–series analysis using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) modelling.
Setting State...
Aim This paper examines how smokers' beliefs about ‘light/mild’ cigarettes in Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom were affected by the removal of misleading ‘light/mild’ terms from packs.
Design, setting and participants The data come from the first seven waves (2002–09) of the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation (ITC) Four‐Country Survey, an annual cohort telephone survey of adult...
Aims Dual epidemics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and alcohol use disorders, and a dearth of professional resources for behavioral treatment in sub‐Saharan Africa, suggest the need for development of culturally relevant and feasible interventions. The purpose of this study was to test the preliminary efficacy of a culturally adapted six‐session gender‐stratified group cognitive–behavioral...
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